Response paper “Ethno-nationalism and social movement theories  on  religion and  violence” by Watini

            Mohammed M. Hafez and Wiktorowics write “Violence as Contention in the Egyptian Islamic Movement”. Both of them explain that the contention in Egyptian become increasingly  which is due to three developments relating to the political structures. First the deliberation of the political system after 1980s set the context for a delegitimized ruling government bent on limiting access to institutional contention. Second, the reactive nature of state repression against militant Islamist in Upper Egypt. The last, indiscriminate repression gave Islamist added justification to rebel. The  case in Egypt  is one of importance as investigating political violence especially political violence as a component of social movement theory. This statement is suitable with Colin J Beck which is writes “The Contribution of Social Movement Theory to Understanding Terrorism. He writes that element of terrorism are the use violence, a differentiation between the victim of an attack and indiscriminate targeting of civilians. He bargain  some basic approaches that applicable to research on terrorism such as dominant social movement paradigm, cultural perspectives on movements all attention, a movement approach recommend going beyond structural description. He uses tripartite social movement approach which some of it is the structure of political opportunities and constraints external to organizations and comes from a focus on the rhetorical and symbolic side of political contention (mobilizing resources, political opportunity structure, and framing, 2008, 1565).  He argues that another perspective to sense how movements mobilize is to consider the role of social networks. According to Colin terrorist networks are not for their structure but for their effects on commitment and recruitments. Then, radical militancy also can be outcome of contention. He writes that the study of transnational contentinous  political is field in social movement theory. Colin analyses that transnational movement as product of global forces. One perspectives of transnational movements focuses on the role of diffusion. About methodology, CoResponse paper “Ethno-nationalism and social movement theories  on  religion and  violence” by Watini

            Mohammed M. Hafez and Wiktorowics write “Violence as Contention in the Egyptian Islamic Movement”. Both of them explain that the contention in Egyptian become increasingly  which is due to three developments relating to the political structures. First the deliberation of the political system after 1980s set the context for a delegitimized ruling government bent on limiting access to institutional contention. Second, the reactive nature of state repression against militant Islamist in Upper Egypt. The last, indiscriminate repression gave Islamist added justification to rebel. The  case in Egypt  is one of importance as investigating political violence especially political violence as a component of social movement theory. This statement is suitable with Colin J Beck which is writes “The Contribution of Social Movement Theory to Understanding Terrorism. He writes that element of terrorism are the use violence, a differentiation between the victim of an attack and indiscriminate targeting of civilians. He bargain  some basic approaches that applicable to research on terrorism such as dominant social movement paradigm, cultural perspectives on movements all attention, a movement approach recommend going beyond structural description. He uses tripartite social movement approach which some of it is the structure of political opportunities and constraints external to organizations and comes from a focus on the rhetorical and symbolic side of political contention (mobilizing resources, political opportunity structure, and framing, 2008, 1565).  He argues that another perspective to sense how movements mobilize is to consider the role of social networks. According to Colin terrorist networks are not for their structure but for their effects on commitment and recruitments. Then, radical militancy also can be outcome of contention. He writes that the study of transnational contentinous  political is field in social movement theory. Colin analyses that transnational movement as product of global forces. One perspectives of transnational movements focuses on the role of diffusion. About methodology, Colin argues that are concerns in an ongoing debate and scholars of terrorism should take note of the objections and methods that social movement researches have long considered. In research on terrorism Colin have problem which has been limited by issues in theoretical framework and methodology. Colin try to says that a social movement theory of terrorism is existing research on contentious politics and research on terrorism has the potential to contribute to social movement theory. It is interesting because case of terrorism also happen in Indonesia.

            Terrorism is one of big problem in Indonesia. It sometimes happen which is very dangereous because it cause many victims of it and attack economy. Research on terrorism can be applied in Indonesia which expect to decrease terrorism in Indonesia. Social movement theory can become analysis to see movement in society. Like case in Kebumen, Central Java, there are persons which rent house to do activity of terrorism. Finally police can see them and in about two years ago they are investigated. It is interesting because the some actor of terrorism are militant groups which use high cost to imply their idea. Motivation of terrorist can be dig to understand what they want. If it is about jihad, it can be evaluated what they mean what jihad is. If it is about economy so Indonesia can to prepare what terrorist need. In short, terrorism in social movement and need much research to solve it.lin argues that are concerns in an ongoing debate and scholars of terrorism should take note of the objections and methods that social movement researches have long considered. In research on terrorism Colin have problem which has been limited by issues in theoretical framework and methodology. Colin try to says that a social movement theory of terrorism is existing research on contentious politics and research on terrorism has the potential to contribute to social movement theory. It is interesting because case of terrorism also happen in Indonesia.

            Terrorism is one of big problem in Indonesia. It sometimes happen which is very dangereous because it cause many victims of it and attack economy. Research on terrorism can be applied in Indonesia which expect to decrease terrorism in Indonesia. Social movement theory can become analysis to see movement in society. Like case in Kebumen, Central Java, there are persons which rent house to do activity of terrorism. Finally police can see them and in about two years ago they are investigated. It is interesting because the some actor of terrorism are militant groups which use high cost to imply their idea. Motivation of terrorist can be dig to understand what they want. If it is about jihad, it can be evaluated what they mean what jihad is. If it is about economy so Indonesia can to prepare what terrorist need. In short, terrorism in social movement and need much research to solve it.